Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke

Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (1919-1969) was a significant figure in Somalia's modern history, serving as the country's second president. His life and political career are closely tied to Somalia's transition from colonial rule to independence, and his assassination in 1969 marked a pivotal moment in Somali history. 

Early years

Abdirashid was born in 1919 in the town of Harardhere in the north-central Mudug region of Somalia. His father was from the Osman Mohamud Majeerteen clan and his mother from the Habar Gidir Hawiye clan.

Raised in Mogadishu by his mother, Sharmarke attended Qur'anic schools and completed his elementary education in 1936. He then embarked on a career as a trader and later as a civil servant in the Italian colonial administration.

In 1943, the year of its inauguration, Sharmarke joined the incipient Somali Youth League political party. He entered the British administration's civil service the following year.

While still a civil servant, Sharmarke completed his secondary education in 1953. He earned a scholarship to study at the Sapienza University of Rome, where he obtained a BA in Political Science. in 1960, his son, Omer Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, who would later become Prime Minister of the Somali Transitional Federal Government, was born.

Political career

After returning from his studies abroad in Italy in 1959, Sharmarke was elected to the Legislative Assembly.

On 26 June 1960, British Somaliland gained independence as the State of Somaliland. On 1 July 1960, the state of Somaliland and the Trust Territory of Somaliland (previously Italian Somaliland) united to from the Somali Republic. (The anniversaries of both events are now celebrated on the independence Day of Somalia as a public holiday in Somaliland and Somalia). 

On 1 July 1960, with the creation of the Somali Republic, the then-incumbent President Aden Abdullah Osman Da'ar appointed Sharmarke Prime Minister of Somalia. Sharmarke's duties as Prime Minister saw him travel abroad extensively in pursuit of a nom-aligned and neutral foreign policy. He remained Prime Minister until March 1964, when the first general elections were held and which saw him re-elected as a member of Parliament. In the 1967 presidential elections, Sharmarke beat out Aden Adde to become the second President of Somalia. He was sworn into office on July 6, 1967.

Assassination and Aftermath 

On October 15, 1969, tragedy struck Somalia when President Abdirashid Ali sharmarke was assassinated while on a visit to the northern town of Las Anod. A member of his own security detail fatally shot him, a shocking event that reverberated across the nation. The exact motivations behind the assassination remain unclear, but it is widely believed to have been result of political rivalries and discontent within the government. 

Death 

On 15 October 1969, while paying on official visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Sharmarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards. On duty outside the guest-house where the president  was staying, the officer fired on automatic rifle at close range, instantly killing Sharmarke. Observers suggested  that the assassination was inspired  by personal rather than political motives. Sharmarke's assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'etet on 21 October 1969 (the day after his funeral) in which the Somali Army seized power without encountering armed opposition; essentially a bloodless takeover. The putsch was spearheaded by major General Mohamed Siad Barre, who at the time commanded the army